Furthermore, we could show that anti-TNF-α treatment reduced the radiation-caused induction of FAT/CD36 in mouse liver in vivo. In the current study, we extended our previous knowledge and showed that irradiation could trigger fat accumulation in the mouse liver, as observed in the rat model. In contrast, anti-TNF-α treatment reduced this up-regulating effect of irradiation in vitro. We also showed that FAT/CD36 was induced by irradiation or TNF-α in vitro in a human cell line (human monocytic cell line U937). This effect may be conveyed by radiation-induced TNF-α expression. Furthermore, we recently showed that a single-dose liver irradiation can trigger intracellular fat accumulation in the rat liver in parallel to induction of FAT/CD36 expression. In our previous work, we have shown that single-dose percutaneous irradiation of rat liver induces periportal inflammation and changes the gene expression of proteins including those of iron metabolism and inflammatory mediators. Accordingly, anti-TNF-α-therapy prevented early radiation-induced expression of FAT/CD36 in vivo.Īs the liver is the pivotal metabolic organ, hepatic impairment may have serious consequences. In summary, hepatic-radiation triggers fat-accumulation in mice livers, involving acute-phase-processes. Moreover, co-localization of FAT/CD36 was detected with α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA +) cells and F4/80 + macrophages. Immunohistochemistry showed basolateral and cytoplasmic expression of FAT/CD36 in hepatocytes. TNF-α-blockage by anti-TNF-α showed an early inhibition of radiation-induced FAT/CD36 expression in mice livers.
Furthermore, expression of fat-transporter-protein FAT/CD36 was increased at protein level caused by radiation or TNF-α.
Similar to triglyceride level in mice livers, Sudan staining of liver cryosections showed a quick (6–12 h) increase of fat-droplets after irradiation. In contrast, serum-triglyceride level was decreased at these time points. It was followed by elevated hepatic-triglyceride level (6–12 h), compared to sham-irradiated controls. In mice livers, early (1–3 h) induction of TNF-α-expression, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, was observed. Sudan-staining was used demonstrating fat-accumulation in tissue. Serum- and hepatic-triglycerides, mRNA, and protein were analyzed by colorimetric assays, RT-PCR, Immunofluorescence and Western-Blot, respectively. Mice livers were selectively irradiated in vivo in presence or absence of infliximab. The current study investigates fat-accumulation in a mouse-model of single-dose liver-irradiation (25-Gray) and the effect of anti-TNF-α-therapy on FAT/CD36 gene-expression. Furthermore, inhibition of radiation-induced FAT/CD36-expression by anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (anti-TNF-α) (infliximab) was shown in vitro. The crystal-clear images, coupled with IMAX’s customized theatre geometry and powerful digital audio, create a unique environment that will make audiences feel as if they are in the movie.Previously, we reported a radiation-induced inflammation triggering fat-accumulation through fatty-acid-translocase/cluster of differentiation protein 36 (FAT/CD36) in rat liver. The IMAX® release of The Transporter Refueled will be digitally re-mastered into the image and sound quality of The IMAX Experience® with proprietary IMAX DMR® (Digital Re-mastering) technology. Frank must use his covert expertise and knowledge of fast cars, fast driving and fast women to outrun a sinister Russian kingpin, and worse than that, he is thrust into a dangerous game of chess with a team of gorgeous women looking for revenge. When Frank's father (Ray Stevenson) pays him a visit in the south of France, their father-son bonding weekend soon takes a turn for the worse when Frank is engaged by a cunning femme-fatale, Anna (Loan Chabonal), and her three seductive sidekicks to orchestrate the bank heist of the century. Frank Martin, played by newcomer Ed Skrein, a former special-ops mercenary, is now living a less perilous life – or so he thinks – transporting classified packages for questionable people.